Art to be lowered under water existed in a deep antiquity. The man was immersed in water at first without any adaptations.
The free immersing in water — Is the first step of development of diving business. In Russia immersed in water usually named as the diving people, or divers.
For descent(release) under water and for performance of various underwater works the man thought out set of devices and adaptations. At first it was the cargo — Simple stone facilitating immersing. Then steel to apply an alarm cord, respiratory pipes, air bag, diving bell and, at last, — Diving equipment named subsequently as a diving costume.
The diving costume reliably provides breath to the diver and completely protects his body from water, that allows to carry out more complex(difficult) works for a long time.
There is a soft and rigid diving equipment. In soft equipment the diver is under the raised(increased) pressure increased with depth. In a rigid costume the diver is under normal atmospheric pressure, the pressure of environmental water takes up the steel case of a costume. In turn soft diving equipment on a way of breath is divided on ventilate, when the diver submit air from the outside, and independent, when a stock of a gas mix used for breath the diver bears(carries) with itself. An example of independent equipment can serve well known by all of scuba. This device has allowed the people on new to look at the underwater world, has given large freedom of movements. All would beat well, fur-tree the stock, not limited to several minutes, of air.
The idea of creation of independent equipment has arisen in middle of the last century.
Some Decades however were required, that it was embodied in life. To explain it it is possible by a low level of development of engineering and chemical industry of that time, and also weak knowledge of physiology and pathology of breath of the man at the raised(increased) pressure.
In 1871 the known Russian inventor A. Lodigin has offered independent diving equipment. Little bit later A. Hotinski has designed the underwater oxygen respiratory device. However all these important inventions in the field of diving engineering, as well as set of other Russian inventions in the past, because of indifference of the imperial officials have not found application in diving practice.
Long time the oxygen respiratory devices were applied mainly in a mountain industry at collapses(landslides) in mines(shafts). In the first world(global) war they under the name oxygen isolated of gas masks (KIP) were used in chemical divisions of many armies of the world.
The wide development and use of independent oxygen devices for underwater works is caused by necessity of application them at failures of submarines. Fears of the people from the sunk submarines needed special individual devices. In the twentieth years the devices of the foreign marks “Momsen”, “Devis” and hood “Belloni” have appeared, last worked by a principle of a diving bell. Individual - saving devices of these marks in one time ‘ were on supply of submarines.
In
1931 — 1932 the Soviet engineers together with the
doctors - fiziologist have designed perfect underwater
devices of the marks “E” (Epron) and VAP.
The next two - three years the diving devices were let out for NAVAL Fleet under the marks E-1, E-2, E-3, E-4 without bypass and E-5 with bypass. Further in a niche to the country new samples of devices were created: VAP-1, VAP-2, IPA-1 without oxigen-giving mechanisms and IPA-2 with the oxigen-giving mechanism of lever system.
In 1936 the advanced
design of the diving device IPA-3 was developed. The
occurrence of devices working on oxilit — Substance,
absorbing carbonic gas and allocating oxygen concerns to the
same period, However and these devices have not received
distribution in diving practice.
The efforts of our designers in the same time (1939) created one of the best samples of oxygen respiratory diving devices — ISA-M. This device had the very reliable oxygen mechanism.
Now isolated the oxygen respiratory devices (IDA)
are widely applied to performance of various underwater
works. The first time at use of these devices was many cases
of various diseases, the oxygen famine is especial. The
intervention of the doctors -fiziologist has helped to
prevent cases of diseases. Huge work in this area have done
military - medical academy of a name Kirova and organized in
Leningrad the laboratory on preparation of the naval easy
divers is scientific - test.
The significant work on improvement of the isolated oxygen respiratory devices was executed also by(with) the army designers. So on a strictly scientific basis in our country there was a new branch of diving business — Easily diving.
Just the military experts posess creation legendary not only in Russia but also abroad series of devices under the name IDA. From the very beginning development of devices of this series went on two directions. It is devices intended for crews of submarines and devices intended for realization of underwater, technical works. Last has defined(determined) destiny of many devices as espionage.
And so under the order:
In 1955 from a marine sea fleet the order for manufacturing of new oxygen devices suitable as for use was received as saving means on submarines, and for realization of various diving works on small depths.
In that to year the experimental model under the mark IDA-55 has appeared, but on what that to the reasons it has not received the further development and beat is overlooked(forgotten). And only in 1957 there is a new model of the oxygen device IDA-57 which with the large success passes tests and admits suitable for use army and on fleet. Till 1959 model “57” was used as the universal device which applied as during emergencies (fires poisoned atmosphere, output(exit) of crews from the sunk submarines), and at realization of various works under water on depths up to 20 meters.
Soon Soviet industry has let out in manufacture the special isolated respiratory devices for crews of submarines under the mark IDA-59. Feature of this model was presence of the second cylinder with heliox (heliox by a mix), that allowed to carry out a safe output(exit) from the submarine, which has sunk on the large depth. The device also had universality and allowed at use beforehand prepared gas mix to carry out simple diving works on the fixed depths. Besides the originally executed respiratory bag allowed is sure to keep above water at emergency rise.
After such specific development it was entrusted to the domestic designers to design the diving device intended only for realization of special (espionage) underwater works. Such device in 1961-1962 years has become the first Soviet device of a class SCR - AKA-60.
AKA-60 is the first Soviet nitrogen - oxygen the device executed in not magnetic execution(performance). As against the predecessors all design fastened on a back of the diver and was reliably closed by the protective case that gave the diver more maneuverabilities, reliance and safety. The working depth at use nitrogen - oxygen of a mix (50 % O2) has made 40 meters. The tests of this device have passed very well, but after release of a small party(set) on what that to the unknown reasons all works were stopped... (This device 80 years have recollected only in middle.)
Between that in 1965 the Soviet industry does(makes) a gift to the military seamen, by letting out in manufacture the completely new oxygen device of a type CCR - IDA-64. This model surpassed in the technical and tactical characteristics AKA-60. Accommodation it(him) was as on a back, of weight it(him) made only 15 kgs (AKA-60 weighed more than 20 kgs), the time of serviceability made 4 hours. All this on a number(line) with small dimensions and practically by complete absence of bubbles of gas at a presence(finding) on constant depth, has defined(determined) purpose(assignment) of the device as prospecting. Due to a very simple design and extreme durability of units, the device has received a huge recognition among the military seamen.
Any design has both advantages, and lacks.
The small depth of use (up to 20 meters) in a kind toxic of
oxygen on the large depths concerns to lacks IDA-64. Just
this lack, and also the constant complication of carried out
battle(dashing) tasks, has given a pulse to creation of the
device capable to combine opportunities IDA-64 and AKA-60.
Such development has become IDA-71 - universal device working
in two modes: oxygen, for immersings on depths up to 20
meters, and nitrogen - oxygen, for immersings on depths up to
40 meters. In the latter case bottle of capacity 1 litre and
special automatic device of submission nitrogen - oxygen of a
mix joins the mainframe. IDA-71 concerns to devices CCR of a
type with completely mechanical system of submission of a gas
mix. 
This device and about today remains on arms of
fleet. On its base special models IDA-71P for the parachuters
and IDA-72 for deep-water descents(releases) were developed.
First was capable to be connected to an onboard oxygen
network of the plane, for flights to a place of landing of
the spies at large height. Second was included into structure
of deep-water diving equipment SVG-200 and was intended for
use as the reserve (emergency) device at realization of works
with an output(exit) from a diving bell on depths up to 200
meters.
The further history of development of similar devices rather vague. The author of this clause knows only that that after legendary models “ 71 and 72 ” in pilot production there was a development IDA-75, but because of large cost of manufacturing it has not received distribution.
Recently I managed to see model IDA-85. As the experts speak, it a little than differs from model “71”. The basic distinction in the new circuit of accommodation of devices and improvement of a box of an absorber. For reception of the additional information I recommend to address to unique photos.
